虚拟旅游空间记忆匹配性与影响因素研究——基于眼动实验和认知地图的分析

旅游科学 ›› 2024, Vol. 38 ›› Issue (10): 39-61.

虚拟旅游空间记忆匹配性与影响因素研究——基于眼动实验和认知地图的分析

李渊^1,2,*, 白焕霞^1,2,3, 梁嘉祺^1,2, 李锐^1,2, 杜亚男^1,2, 杨盟盛^1,2

1.厦门大学建筑与土木工程学院,福建厦门 361005;
2.厦门市建筑遗产保护智能技术集成应用重点实验室,福建厦门 361005;
3.广州应用科技学院建筑与设计学院,广东肇庆 526072

收稿日期:2023-05-10 修回日期:2024-09-14 出版日期:2024-10-30 发布日期:2024-12-04
通讯作者: 李渊^*（1979—）,男,博士,厦门大学建筑与土木工程学院教授,博导,研究方向为遗产数字化、空间感知与计算,E-mail：liyuan79@xmu.edu.cn。
作者简介:白焕霞（1996—）,女,厦门大学建筑与土木工程学院硕士生,广州应用科技学院建筑与设计学院教师。梁嘉祺（1996—）,女,厦门大学建筑与土木工程学院博士生,研究方向为遗产旅游与旅游者行为。李锐（1998—）,男,厦门大学建筑与土木工程学院硕士生。杜亚男（1992—）,女,厦门大学建筑与土木工程学院博士生,研究方向为遗产数字化。杨盟盛（1992—）,男,厦门大学建筑与土木工程学院博士生,研究方向为环境行为。
基金资助:
国家自然科学基金项目“遗产价值视角下的旅游者空间感知评价与优化研究”（42171219）; 教育部主题案例项目“建筑遗产的人因感知、空间优化与价值认知提升——以故宫鼓浪屿外国文物馆为例”（ZT-221038421）

Research on Spatial Memory Matching and Influencing Factors of Virtual Tourism —Analysis Based on Eye Movement Experiments and Cognitive Map

LI Yuan^1,2,*, BAI Huanxia^1,2,3, LIANG Jiaqi^1,2, LI Rui^1,2, DU Yanan^1,2, YANG Mengsheng^1,2

1. School of Architecture and Civil Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, China;
2. Xiamen Key Laboratory of Integrated Application of Intelligent Technology for Architectural Heritage Protection, Xiamen 361005, China;
3. School of Architecture and Design, Guangzhou College of Applied Science and Technology, Zhaoqing 526072, China

Received:2023-05-10 Revised:2024-09-14 Online:2024-10-30 Published:2024-12-04

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 在虚拟环境中,旅游者行为与视觉感知和空间记忆密不可分。当前对虚拟旅游空间记忆的研究较为缺乏,视觉注意与空间记忆的关系有待探究。文章以故宫鼓浪屿外国文物馆三维虚拟全景为例,结合眼动实验和认知地图提出旅游者空间记忆匹配性的检验方法,通过ANOVA方差分析和路径分析探究旅游者的视觉注意与空间记忆的关系。研究发现：（1）旅游者的视觉注意水平与注视频率存在空间差异;（2）节点记忆与路径记忆匹配性较低,行为链记忆匹配性个体差异较大,情景记忆匹配性整体较好;（3）视觉注意水平对情景记忆的影响呈边缘显著,视觉注意水平越高,空间情景记忆匹配性越高;（4）注视频率对行为链记忆的影响呈边缘显著,注视频率越高,行为链记忆匹配性越高;（5）行为链记忆对情景记忆具有显著的正向促进作用。文章为探究视觉注意与空间记忆关系提供了新的思路,提出的空间记忆匹配性测度方法对相关研究具有参考价值,研究结果对虚拟旅游技术应用及空间营造具有参考价值,对提高旅游目的地形象和虚拟旅游体验具有启发意义。

关键词: 虚拟旅游, 眼动实验, 认知地图, 视觉注意, 空间记忆

Abstract: In virtual environments, travelers' behaviors are inseparable from visual perception and spatial memory. Current research on spatial memory in virtual tourism is relatively lacking, and the relationship between visual attention and spatial memory needs to be explored. Taking the three-dimensional virtual panorama of Kulangsu Gallery of Foreign Artefacts form the Palace Museum Collection as an example, this study proposed a test method for tourists' spatial memory matching through eye movement experiments and cognitive maps, and explored the relationship between tourists' visual attention and spatial memory through ANOVA analysis of variance and path analysis. The research findings are as follows: (1) there were spatial differences between tourists' visual attention level and gaze frequency; (2) node memory and path memory had a lower match, individual differences in behavioral chain memory match were larger, and situational memory match was better as a whole; (3) the effect of visual attention level on situational memory was borderline significant, and the higher the level of visual attention was the higher the spatial-situational memory match was; (4) the effect of gaze frequency on behavioral chain memory is borderline significant, the higher the frequency of gaze, the higher the match of behavioral chain memory; (5) behavioral chain memory has a significant positive promotion effect on situational memory. This study provides a new thinking perspective for exploring the relationship between visual attention and spatial memory, and the proposed spatial memory matchability measurement method is of reference value for related research. The results of this study are of reference value for the application of virtual tourism technology and spatial creation, and are inspirational for improving the image of tourist destinations and the virtual tourism experience.

Key words: virtual tourism, eye movement experiment, cognitive map, visual attention, spatial memory

中图分类号:

F590

李渊, 白焕霞, 梁嘉祺, 李锐, 杜亚男, 杨盟盛. 虚拟旅游空间记忆匹配性与影响因素研究——基于眼动实验和认知地图的分析[J]. 旅游科学, 2024, 38(10): 39-61.

LI Yuan, BAI Huanxia, LIANG Jiaqi, LI Rui, DU Yanan, YANG Mengsheng. Research on Spatial Memory Matching and Influencing Factors of Virtual Tourism —Analysis Based on Eye Movement Experiments and Cognitive Map[J]. TOURISM SCIENCE, 2024, 38(10): 39-61.

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